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Ukraine

Country information

Flag of Ukraine, symbol of news from the country on Innovando News

Explore Ukraine, a land of history and innovation, committed to reconstruction and sustainable progress on Innovando.News: Located in Eastern Europe, Ukraine is the largest country entirely in Europe by area, with 603.550 km². It borders seven nations and two seas, the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Azov. With a population of around 36,7 million, the capital Kiev is the economic and cultural heart, followed by historic cities such as Lviv and port cities such as Odessa. Known as the "breadbasket of Europe", Ukraine excels in agriculture, but is also a center for metallurgy, IT and aerospace technology. However, the ongoing conflict with Russia has tested the economy and population. Rich in tradition, it is home to the famous borscht and UNESCO sites such as the Caves Monastery. Its democratic system looks to a European future, while fighting for its sovereignty and resilience.

Summary data on Ukraine

  • Total population: Approximately 36,7 million inhabitants (2024).
  • Population growth rate: Negative, with a decline of 0,8% per year.
  • Capital: Kiev, with about 2,9 million inhabitants.
  • Main cities: Kharkiv, Odessa, Dnipro, Lviv.
  • Countries bordering: Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova.
  • Nominal GDP: Approximately USD 180 billion (2024).
  • GDP per capita: Approximately 4.900 USD.
  • GDP growth rate: +3,2% (2024).
  • Inflation: About 10%.
  • Unemployment rate: About 9,5%.
  • Trade balance: Deficient.
  • Major business partners: EU (Germany, Poland, Italy), China, Türkiye.
  • Public debt: About 82% of GDP.
  • Public spending on R&D: About 0,5% of GDP.
  • Main economic sectors: Agriculture, metallurgy, IT, manufacturing, energy.
  • Currency: Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), 1 USD ≈ 38 UAH (2024).
  • Interest rate: About 18%.
  • Foreign exchange reserves: Approximately USD 38 billion.
  • Main exports: Cereals, steel, oilseeds, chemicals.
  • Main imports: Energy, machinery, chemicals, electronics.
  • Human Development Index (HDI): 0,773 (2024), "high" category.
  • Literacy rate: About 99,8%.
  • Life expectancy: About 72 years old.
  • Position in the Global Innovation Index: 57st place (2024).
  • Corruption Perception Index: 33/100, ranking 122rd.

Insights into Ukraine

Ukraine Here is a detailed look at Ukraine, organized according to the provided outline:

1. Country Name

Official name: Ukraine Short name: Ukraine

2. Geography

Geographical position: Located in Eastern Europe, Ukraine borders Belarus to the north, Russia to the east, the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Azov to the south, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, and Romania and Moldova to the southwest. Area 603.550 km² Description of the landscape: Fertile plains and lowlands predominate, with the Carpathians to the west and the Crimean Mountains to the south. Important rivers include the Dnieper, Dniester and Southern Bug. The climate varies from temperate continental to subtropical along the southern coast.

3. Population

Number of inhabitants: Approximately 41 million (2023 estimate). Population growth rate: Negative, with a declining population due to emigration and low birth rates. Main cities: Kiev (capital), Kharkiv, Odessa, Dnipro and Lviv, with a distribution that tends to concentrate in urban areas.

4. Capital and main cities

Capital: Kiev Main cities:
  • Kharkiv: Important industrial and cultural centre.
  • Odessa: Port city on the Black Sea, known for trade and culture.
  • Lviv: Historical and cultural center with European influence.

5. economy

Nominal GDP and GDP per capita

In 2022, Ukraine's nominal GDP was heavily impacted by the ongoing conflict with Russia, significantly reducing economic output. GDP per capita stands at around $3.300, reflecting a struggling but resilient economy.

Main economic sectors

  • Agriculture: Ukraine is known as the "breadbasket of Europe" for the production of wheat, corn, sunflowers and barley.
  • Industry: Includes steel, chemicals, and aerospace technology.
  • Services: Growth in IT and outsourcing, with a dynamic technology industry.

GDP growth rate and inflation

Before the conflict, growth was stable, but the Russian invasion caused a sharp economic contraction. Inflation increased significantly in 2022.

Unemployment rate and trade balance

Unemployment has increased due to the war, with millions of internally and externally displaced people. The trade balance remains negative, with increased imports to support the war effort.

Public debt

Debt has increased with international financial support to address the economic crisis and conflict.

Main exports and imports

  • Exports: Wheat, corn, steel and chemicals.
  • Imports: Energy, machinery and technology.

6. Political system and government

Type of government: Semi-presidential republic. Political structure: The president is the head of state, with a prime minister who leads the government. Main parties: The political landscape is divided between pro-Western and pro-Russian forces.

7. History and culture

Brief historical overview

Ukraine has a long history of foreign rule, including the Poles, Austrians and the Russian Empire. It gained independence from the USSR in 1991. 2014 marked the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the beginning of the conflict in the east of the country.

Cultural and linguistic traditions

The main languages ​​are Ukrainian and Russian. Traditions include folk songs, dances and festivals related to the agricultural seasons.

Cultural heritage

Numerous UNESCO sites, such as the Kiev Caves Monastery and the primeval forests of the Carpathians, highlight the rich cultural heritage.

8. Innovation and development

Despite the challenges, Ukraine is an emerging hub for the technology industry, with significant growth in the IT sector.

9. Education and health

Literacy: High, with a rate close to 100%. Health system: Public but struggling, with many war-related challenges.

10. International rankings

HDI: Medium, with limited progress due to conflict. ICC: High perception of corruption.

11. Environmental policies

Ukraine is working to reduce emissions and promote renewable energy, but the war has slowed much of that progress.

12. Curiosities and peculiarities

Ukraine is famous for its traditional dishes such as borscht and vareniki, as well as being home to the Chernobyl exclusion zone, now a tourist attraction.

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