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Gibilterra

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Gibraltar is a small peninsula located at the southern tip of Spain, famous for its imposing Rock and its strategic position on the Strait of Gibraltar. With an area of ​​approximately 6,7 km² and a population of approximately 34.000, Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory characterized by a mix of British and Mediterranean cultures. The economy is robust, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$2,5 billion and a GDP per capita of approximately US$70.000, mainly supported by the service sectors, particularly tourism and the financial sector. Gibraltar boasts a high level of education and healthcare, with a life expectancy of approximately 81 years. Its history is marked by a long British rule and a vibrant culture, highlighted by events such as National Day and a cuisine that blends Spanish and British influences.

Summary data on Gibraltar

  • Total population: Approximately 34.000 inhabitants.
  • Population growth rate: Approximately 1% per annum.
  • Capital: Gibraltar (city), with the same population of approximately 34.000 inhabitants.
  • Main cities: Gibraltar is a city-state, so there are no other major cities.
  • Countries it bordersIt borders Spain to the north; to the south it overlooks the Mediterranean Sea.
  • Nominal GDP: Approximately USD 3,2 billion.
  • Pro-capite GDP: Approximately USD 93.000.
  • GDP growth rate: Around 4% in 2022, supported by the services sector and tourism.
  • Inflation: About 4%, influenced by global costs and food prices.
  • Unemployment rate: Approximately 3,5%.
  • Trade balance: Negative, with a trade deficit due to high imports of consumer goods.
  • Major business partners: United Kingdom, Spain and other European Union countries.
  • Public debt: Approximately 60% of GDP, managed at sustainable levels.
  • Public spending on R&D (Research and Development): Limited, at around 1% of GDP.
  • Main economic sectors: Services (tourism, gambling), finance and trade.
  • Currency: Gibraltar pound (GIP), pegged to the British pound (GBP).
  • Interest rate: About 1%, set by the Bank of England.
  • Foreign exchange reserves: Unspecified; part of the British economic system.
  • Main exports: Consumer goods, chemicals and tobacco.
  • Main imports: Food products, consumer goods and fuels.
  • Human Development Index (HDI): High, with a score of around 0,900.
  • Literacy rate: Approximately 99%.
  • Life expectancy: About 80 years old.
  • Position in the Global Innovation Index: Not officially classified, but Gibraltar benefits from an advanced economy.
  • Corruption Perception Index: Low perception of corruption, with a score of around 67 out of 100.

Insights into Gibraltar

1. Country Name

  • Official Country Name: Gibilterra
  • Short form and long form: Gibraltar (short form); Gibraltar (long form)

2. Geography

  • Geographical position: Gibraltar is a small peninsula located at the southern tip of Spain, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Europe from Africa.
  • Area Approximately 6,7 km².
  • Description of the landscape: Gibraltar's landscape is characterised by the Rock of Gibraltar, an imposing limestone formation about 426 metres high, which offers panoramic views. The coastline is rugged with small beaches and coves. The climate is Mediterranean, with mild winters and hot summers.

3. Population

  • Number of inhabitants: Approximately 34.000 inhabitants.
  • Population growth rate: The population growth rate is moderate, around 1-2% per year.
  • Major cities and population distribution: The population is concentrated mainly in the city of Gibraltar itself, with a fairly high population density.

4. Capital and main cities

  • Name of the capital: There is no official capital as Gibraltar is a self-governing territory with a local government, and the city itself serves as the administrative centre.
  • Information on the main cities: Gibraltar is the only significant city in the area, known for its history and fortifications. The city offers a mix of British and Mediterranean culture.

5. economy

Nominal GDP and GDP per capita

Gibraltar has a nominal GDP of approximately US$2,5 billion, with a GDP per capita of approximately US$70.000, making it one of the territories with the highest GDP per capita.

Main economic sectors (agriculture, industry, services)

Gibraltar's economy is primarily based on services, particularly in the financial sector, tourism and gambling. The navy and port operations are other significant sources of income. Agriculture is limited due to the small area.

GDP growth rate and inflation

In recent years, Gibraltar's GDP has shown steady growth, around 3-4%. Inflation is generally low and under control.

Unemployment rate and trade balance

The unemployment rate is low, around 2-3%. Gibraltar has a negative trade balance, as it imports more goods than it exports, but the economy is supported by tourism and services.

Public debt

Gibraltar's public debt is relatively low and prudently managed by the local government.

Main exports and imports

Major exports include financial products and services. Imports consist mainly of consumer goods, food and construction materials, with major trading partners including the United Kingdom, Spain and other European countries.

6. Political system and government

  • Type of government: British Overseas Territory.
  • Political structure: Gibraltar has a parliamentary system of its own, with a local government that manages most of the internal affairs. The Governor is a representative of the British Monarchy.
  • Main political parties and electoral organization: The main parties include the Liberal Party, the National Party and the Gibraltar Socialist Party. Elections are generally considered free and fair.

7. History and culture

Brief historical overview of the country

Gibraltar was conquered by the English in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession and has remained under British control despite several attempts to reconquer it by Spain. Its recent history has been marked by political tensions related to its status as a British territory.

Cultural and linguistic traditions

Gibraltar's culture is a mix of British, Spanish and Mediterranean influences. English is the official language, but Leone and Spanish are also spoken. Cultural traditions include folk festivals, religious celebrations and a rich culinary history.

Cultural heritage (monuments, UNESCO sites, cultural events)

Gibraltar is home to several historic sites, including Gibraltar Castle and St. Michael's Caves. Cultural events such as National Day, which celebrates Gibraltarian identity, are significant to the local community.

8. Innovation and development

  • Position in the Global Innovation Index: Gibraltar is not included in major global innovation indices, but is making efforts to develop its technology and financial sectors.
  • R&D (Research and Development) Spending: Spending on R&D is limited, but there are initiatives to promote innovation in the service sector.
  • Advanced technological sectors and main innovations of the country: There are efforts to develop advanced information technology and financial services.

9. Education and health

  • Literacy rate: About 99%.
  • Structure of the education system: Education is free and compulsory until the age of 16, with both public and private schools.
  • Quality and accessibility of the health system: The health system is public and offers a good level of care. Citizens can access high quality health services.
  • Life expectancy: About 81 years old.

10. International rankings

  • Position in the Human Development Index (HDI): Very high, with an HDI around 0,940.
  • Position in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI): Relatively good position, with perceived very low levels of corruption.
  • Position in global economic indices: High ranking for ease of doing business and economic competitiveness.

11. Environmental policies

  • The country's efforts in terms of sustainability: Gibraltar has initiated policies for environmental sustainability and the protection of natural resources.
  • Environmental policies and international commitments: They participate in various international agreements on environmental protection and have initiatives to promote sustainability.

12. Curiosities and peculiarities

  • Interesting or unique facts about the country: Gibraltar is famous for the Rock of Gibraltar, which offers spectacular views and is home to a population of bearded monkeys, a unique attraction.
  • Important events, national holidays, gastronomic specialties: National Day on September 10 is a major holiday. Gibraltar cuisine is influenced by Spanish and British cuisine, with dishes such as calzone and fish and chips.

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